Race and gender disparities in preventive health activity engagement of older adults in the southeastern United States.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine preventive-health-activity engagement in community-dwelling older adults participating in student-led health screenings in east Alabama. From 2017-2019, health professions students conducted health screenings at 23 community and independent living sites to assess medical and social needs of adults. Clients' responses to questions regarding vaccinations (flu/pneumonia/shingles), cancer screenings (colon/sex-specific), and other (dental/vision) screenings were aggregated to create a preventive health behavior (prevmed) score. Chi-square, t-tests, and regression analyses were conducted. Data from 464 adults ages 50-99 (72.9±10.1) years old were analyzed. The sample was 71.3% female, 63.1% Black/African American (BA), and 33.4% rural. Linear regression indicated BA race (p=0.001), currently unmarried (p=0.030), no primary care provider (p<0.001) or insurance (p=0.010), age <65 years (p=0.042) and assessment at a residential site (p=0.037) predicted lower prevmed scores. Social factors predict preventive health activity engagement in community-dwelling adults in east Alabama, indicating several opportunities to improve health outcomes.

Achievement of interprofessional competencies in live and virtual community clinics: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Interprofessional education is imperative for training future healthcare professionals. While barriers exist within and across institutions to implement and sustain effective interprofessional education experiences for students, virtual clinics utilizing electronic health records may provide comparable benefits to in-person clinics. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether differences in pre- and post-test self-assessments of interprofessional collaborative competencies are different between in-person and virtual clinics. DESIGN: Pretest-posttest design utilizing the Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS) before and immediately after participating in clinics, virtual or in-person. SETTING: A large, public university in the southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Senior nursing students, third-year pharmacy students, senior nutrition/dietetics students, and undergraduate and graduate social work students. METHODS: This study was conducted evaluating five cohorts of students engaged in interprofessional education clinics. Two cohorts completed in-person community clinics in 2019. In March 2020, the interprofessional education program adopted virtual clinics (three cohorts) utilizing pre-selected electronic health record cases. Student responses from the 20-item ICCAS, which was completed before and immediately after clinics, were aggregated into interprofessional competency subscale scores (communication, collaboration, roles and responsibilities, collaborative patient/family-centered approach, conflict management/resolution, and team functioning) and a total ICCAS score. Two-way ANOVA assessed Pre-Post and Mode (in-person vs. virtual) on total ICCAS score. t-tests compared Pre-Post ICCAS scores for each Mode. RESULTS: Effects of Pre-Post (p < 0.001), but not Mode (p = 0.523), were observed on Total ICCAS scores. All ICCAS subscale scores were significantly higher in Post compared to Pre regardless of Mode. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual interprofessional education clinics confer similar benefits to interprofessional collaborative competencies in healthcare professions students compared to in-person community clinics. Thus, modality offers flexibility for interprofessional education and provided several benefits over the in-person clinic approach.

Identity and intimacy during adolescence: connections among identity styles, romantic attachment and identity commitment.

Integration of adult attachment and psychosocial development theories suggests that adolescence is a time when capacities for romantic intimacy and identity formation are co-evolving. The current study addressed direct, indirect and moderated associations among identity and romantic attachment constructs with a diverse sample of 2178 middle adolescents. Identity styles were found to have unique and direct associations with identity commitment. Attachment anxiety showed only indirect associations and attachment avoidance had both direct and indirect associations with identity commitment. Tests of moderation revealed that gender, race and relationship status had no influence on the direct associations of identity styles or romantic attachment with identity commitment. Few differences in association strength among identity styles and romantic attachment emerged for gender or race. However, the differences found for relationship status suggested that relationship experiences adolescents bring to their exploration of identity and intimacy matter for how these two areas of development articulate.